Chapter 20
THE
LORD PRESERVETH THE SIMPLE.
(The
Basic School, TBS, for Marine Corps junior officers’ training, Marine Corps
Base Quantico, Virginia; from late September 1969, to the end of February 1970)
2h No
daily commute.
Early
the following morning on Wednesday 24(?) September, I arise at the appointed
time, put on my uniform with gold 2nd lieutenant bars, and walk to
the nearby chow hall for breakfast. At the prescribed time, we load onto
“cattle cars”, and are hauled back to Camp Barrett for a whole day of orientation
lectures in that large auditorium. Officers lecture us on general things
we need to know during the next 5 months we are to train here.
We eat
lunch in Camp Barrett’s officers’ closed mess. The Basic School Commander (a
colonel) is the last speaker in late afternoon, to climax the many
speeches of the day. He is high spirited, colorful, and well suited for this
job. So, this day he gives us a hot pep talk to fire us up to fight
in Viet Nam. He tells us that all of his staff here at The Basic School
(from himself down to the lowest ranking enlisted man), are Viet Nam combat
vets. While they train and teach us, they will relate to us their “first
hand” combat experiences in Nam.
“We
don’t send you to war to die for your country! We send you to war to make
the enemy die for his country!” That colonel’s enthusiasm in
saying that, is matched by the enthusiasm of our roaring yells and applause.
Each of us is highly in favor of that being the final outcome of
us going to war. Sadly, it cannot always be.
At the
end of this day, we bachelor lieutenants who live in Camp Upshur ride back
there in cattle cars. The married men drive their cars home. There are only
2 or 3 times at The Basic School that I need my car in the line of work (somewhat).
(And I could have hitched a ride with a buddy those times.) The Marine Corps
hauls us around in those cattle cars when we go any distance on this training
base, just as they did last summer at OCS.
I immensely
relish a life of working right where I reside, with no daily
commute. It saves time, money, and the chance of getting killed or
injured in a traffic accident. Most of my time on active duty in the
Marines, was a life of no daily commute. It suited me perfectly.
Doing that roofing job, I commuted much; some commutes being long. I
benefited from seeing many places. But long commutes are weary.
Remember, I told you of driving to Daddy’s house from Mr. Mars’ house Saturday
nights, and leaving Daddy’s place for Mr. Mars’ place early Monday mornings,
about 110 miles each way. And I did most of a day’s hard manual labor those
Saturdays and Mondays, along with driving 110 miles.
A side
note of wisdom here, Mr. Mars traveled far and wide to drum up enough
income from roofing. The much money he paid for motel rooms and café
meals for him and me had to be passed on to the people who paid him to do their
roofing work. That is poor economics. If he had enough work within a
short drive of his house, it would have saved his customers considerably. I
thank God for causing me to keep such economics in mind. You also will do well
to keep them in mind, and strive to operate your life on the best economic
principles.
2i A
squared away, tidy environment and personal uniform.
In
general, my Daddy was untidy by nature. For example, when I was small, our
buckets, tubs and similar vessels were all made of tin or a similar metal.
Plastic ones had not yet come onto the scene. Also, aluminum vessels were most
rare and too expensive for us poor folks. When a hole rusted thru the bottom of
a farm bucket, foot tub, washtub or such, and thus it would no longer hold
water, Daddy usually kept it, because it could possibly be
used to carry (or hold) dirt or some “solid”.
In
like manner, Daddy kept most everything that wore out, because it just might
possibly come in handy sometime for some secondary use. Such unsightly
junk dotted the landscape around our house, barn, and other sheds. Also, plenty
such junk items piled up inside each of those buildings. Overall, to some
degree, it was a depressing sight to daily behold, worn out junk strewed,
scattered, randomly everywhere around.
For maximum
performance, safety and efficiency, our nation’s military majors on strictly
maintaining all of its many material things in prime working or use
condition, properly cleaned, and squared away in tidy array at all times.
The same is required of me regarding my grooming and the Marine uniforms I
wear. From the time I entered Navy ROTC, I frequently stood inspections
regarding my haircut, grooming, uniform, and any military equipment (rifle,
etc.) issued to me. I inherited much of Daddy’s untidy nature. Thus, I
benefited greatly from the military requiring me to be
tidy, and thus training me to be tidy. Tidy surroundings give serenity
of mind, and greatly aids proficiency of work.
2j Proper equipment in good repair.
I
could have put this under the previous topic. But I list it separately
because of its importance. I know from much childhood experience
the vexing and depressing frustration, inefficiency and loss of time that comes
from having to use worn out equipment or any object that is in poor repair, and
of having old equipment in use to tear up or break down.
At
Fort Benning, at OCS in Quantico last summer, and now at TBS, all the
buildings, grounds and the much equipment being tidy, squared away, and
in good repair, simply makes a body feel much better about working and
living in such an environment, instead of an untidy place with worn out junk
strewed around, scattered and stacked everywhere, and often experiencing the
frustration of working with worn out equipment and such.
The
next day, Thursday 25(?) September, my training company starts attending
classes in a large classroom at Camp Upshur. Each day, I walk to
that classroom and to the chow hall, from my barracks.
At
that time, the Marine infantryman’s rifle was the M-14. In class, they teach us
all we need to know about that weapon, and we practice field stripping it in
class. (We were accustomed to field stripping it from OCS days.) Soon, they
start hauling us to the rifle range daily on the cattle cars to practice firing
the M-14 rifle. The last day on the rifle range, we fire for test scores.
Similarly,
in the classroom we are taught the .45 caliber semi-automatic pistol, the personal
weapon for infantry officers. We learn to field strip it, clean
it, and then to reassemble it, just as we were taught about the M-14 rifle.
Soon, they daily haul us to the pistol range to practice pistol marksmanship.
We fire for test scores on the last day, as we did with the rifle.
Soon
after we finish firing each weapon, at a platoon formation our 1st
Lieutenant Platoon Leader awards our badges to us. Lowest scores are rated
Marksmen, middle scores as Expert, and highest scores as Sharpshooter. The
badges differ with each rating, and from then on, we wear them on our uniforms.
From the time I was 11
years old or so, I enjoyed firing firearms. Thus, this training suits my
nature. These weeks on the firing ranges are a delight to me. It seldom
or never rained the 2 or 3 weeks we were out on the rifle and pistol firing
ranges. That certainly helped!
(Unlike
the roofing job, the Marines seldom or never cancel ground training due to
weather. Range firing would have been most uncomfortable in pouring rain. And
cleaning and oiling the weapons at the end of each day to prevent rust, would
have been a greater task than usual.) Most days on the shooting ranges were
sunny, mild, pleasant autumn days that make a body feel good to be
alive. Also, I was doing what I like to do! Outdoor shooting range practice delighted
me!
For
the first time in my life, I feel like I am definitely, entirely in
my element, by training as a warrior in an earthly army. The next
time I will similarly feel definitely in my element, will be when
I become a missionary, a full-time warrior in my Lord’s army. Each time,
it felt ever so good.
We
trainees are assigned to “admin” leadership billets within the training
company: Company CO, XO, Guide. Platoon Leader, Platoon Guide, Squad Leader. These
billets rotate weekly. Early on (2nd or 3rd
week), I am assigned as Platoon Guide for a week. Early each day, we 5 platoon
guides meet with the company guide (a fellow trainee, Tom P. ⑦), to receive “admin” orders
and instructions from him. I then pass that “word” on to all men in my
platoon. I get to know Tom P. quite well this week. After Quantico, he will go with
me to Vance AFB, and then on to Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station,
where we train together as pilots at both of those bases, getting closely
acquainted. I will “house sit” for him and his wife at Vance AFB, when they
take leave at Christmas (1970) vacation. We part ways at Cherry Point in the
spring of 1972. In summer of 1979, he will be flying a one-man British
Royal Air Force Harrier in Germany, when it crashes, killing
my buddy, Tom.
Likely it is mid-October or later, when we
finish both rifle and pistol firing. On the last day of September, I receive a
paycheck for my few days of active duty thru 30 Sept. (likely from the 23rd).
Next payday is 15 Oct. (twice a month). That is a full paycheck. Also,
travel pay from Vernon, Alabama to Quantico is included in 1 of these paydays.
It sure helps my personal economy to start getting regular
paychecks, and not miss a single paycheck till the last one in mid-February
1975, when I am discharged from active duty with the U.S. Marines.
We
study and fire each of the “small arms” firearms the Marine Corps
uses at this time. The M-60 machine gun might have been next. I’m taught in
class what we need to know about hand grenades, and then go out to a grenade
“range” and throw 1 live grenade, then squat behind the block wall, and the
grenade explodes 15 to 20 yards away. They make a loud bang! I
enjoy getting familiar with each of these deadly weapons.
We
learn all about land mines and various booby trap devices. At the end of that
study, we go out into the field where each squad is assigned a roped off
section of ground. Within that plot, each squad plants mines underground. Above
ground we set booby trap devices with trip wires and such. We eat C-Rats for
supper, and after dark, my squad is assigned a different plot of ground
to inch our way thru it searching for, and disarming each explosive device
rigged by another squad.
Each explosive device is inert, but the underground mines
have live fuses. If we fail attempting to disarm that fuse, it
explodes with about the force of a firecracker. Each time one of those fuses
explodes, an instructor sets off a large explosive in a special roped off area
that no one is allowed into (for safety reasons, obviously). Each of
those explosives equal a small stick of dynamite, and shake the ground under us
when they explode. That definitely plays on one’s nerves. Fun and
games!
Now, I’ll back up to the day I arrived at The Basic School, and
talk about my extra-curricular activities since then. From OCS
last summer, I firmly kept in mind the all-girls’ college down the road in
Fredericksburg. The 1st weekend here in TBS, when our training ends
at noon on Saturday, Sept. 27, I shower, change clothes, eat lunch in the chow
hall, and then spend the afternoon in the barracks studying subjects of our
present classes (there are written tests on each subject), shining my shoes,
boots and brass, and setting all my personal gear and things in order.
This Saturday afternoon, I relax, rest, and chat with my new
comrades, after this full week that began with Monday’s long trip up
here from Birmingham, Alabama.
The
following day (Sunday), after breakfast in the chow hall, I drive down to
Fredericksburg, look for a church to attend, and then drive around in search of
Mary Washington College. It didn’t take me long to find it. Cruising around
slowly on the lovely, somewhat small campus, I spot the Baptist Student Union.
I hadn’t even thought about a BSU being on this campus, but there it is.
I file that important “find” in my brain, and soon drive back to Camp
Upshur for another week of intense Marine officer training.
Tho my
Marine buddy at Auburn (Fred) graduated the same day I did, he got
assigned to the next class after me here at TBS, that starts in
late October about a month after me. At Auburn, he and I were both aware of
that situation. (I so wished he had been put in my class
here at TBS.) From Auburn, Fred drove to his parents’ house in Maryland to stay
there till he reported in at Quantico. “Come over and visit us on a weekend,”
Fred kindly invited to me before we left Auburn, giving me his parents’ phone
number.
So, I
call Fred now from a Quantico pay phone and set up to go to their house on a
Saturday afternoon, likely 4 October. It’s a lovely drive across the
Potomac River and across narrow Maryland to the Lexington Park area where his
parents and younger sister live near Patuxent Naval Air Test Center. Fred’s dad
was an excellent Navy career officer, stationed many years here at “Pax River”.
Likely his dad is already retired when I visit them. I stay Saturday night with
Fred’s family, go to church with them Sunday morning, talk much with Fred in
the afternoon, telling him what to expect at TBS, and head back to Quantico in
late afternoon on a different route. Joyous stay!
Until
I graduated from high school, I mainly saw only the scenery of
our farm as I slaved away working on that farm. Tho that farm was lovely,
God-created scenery, now I just soak in the vastly different scenes here of the
ocean, Patuxent and Potomac Rivers, and landscape much different from our poor
farm. I greatly enjoy cruising these areas in my nice T-Bird!
The
next Saturday afternoon, I drive down to Fredericksburg to look around more.
Well after 5 PM, I walk into the small BSU on campus at Mary Washington
College. There was only 1 person inside, a young guy. That wasn’t
what I expected at a girls’ college. We introduce ourselves, and
I talk with Bob a while there in the lounge with the TV on.
Soon
the lady BSU director returns with 4 college girls, new freshmen she had taken
to her apartment for supper. She introduces each of them to me. Of the four,
Brenda drew my attention, most poised and attractive with a soft radiant smile,
and especially friendly and attentive to me,
I thought (?).
The
lady director is single, and appears to be in her late twenties. She starts
telling me of their special events scheduled thru out autumn, and heartily
invites me to join in them. I’m heartily glad for that invitation. A
statewide BSU retreat at a retreat center in Roanoke, Virginia on a weekend.
This local BSU’s upcoming Saturday workday to get missions funds. And this
local BSU’s autumn hayride.
I make
a reservation with her to spend Saturday night at their retreat in Roanoke.
Most college and university students who attend that retreat drive there on Friday
afternoon from campuses thru out Virginia. The retreat starts on a Friday
evening. After my Marine training ends at Saturday noon that weekend, I
quickly shower, change into nice civilian clothes, eat Marine lunch, ignite the
T-Bird’s engines and blast off for Roanoke in the beautiful Appalachian
Mountains of southwest Virginia. The rolling hills and mountainsides aflame
with red, orange and yellow autumn leaves, make a most scenic drive.
Following
directions the BSU lady had given me in Fredericksburg, I find the retreat
center, check in, eat supper with a few girls from Fredericksburg, attend the
services that night, and bed down in the room assigned to me and 2 other guys.
On Sunday morning, we have breakfast, church services, lunch, and then say our
Farewells to newfound friends. As we stand in the long lunch line on the
cafeteria’s wooden porch surrounded by trees in their autumn beauty, someone
starts singing, “I have decided to follow Jesus. No turning back. No turning
back.” Most of us spontaneously join in the singing. It was
bless-ed!
As we
prepare to depart, the Fredericksburg BSU director lady asks me if some of her
girls may ride back with me.
‘Sure.’
“Here
he goes again, our knight in shining T-Bird amour.”
Because
no girls rode with me when I came, I assume they could ride back to
Fredericksburg in the same cars they came here in on Friday. I further assume
that the director and the girls desired for me to get acquainted with
them on the 3 hour or so ride back to their dorms.
“Did
you have any objections to getting acquainted with them, Lt. Richard?”
‘None whatsoever!
None at all!!’
So,
the lady director brings up 3 (of the 4) freshmen girls I met that first night
I went into the BSU. We put their bags into the T-Bird trunk with mine, and I
let those 3 choose where to sit in the car. I was happy to see that
Brenda was one of the three. I was even happier when she got into the
front seat beside me, and the other 2 girls got into the back seat.
“Lt.
Richard, at this time, are you glad you didn’t buy the 2 seat Corvette you
dreamed of for years?”
‘I sure am!’
I
sense that Brenda had told the director that she wanted to be one who would
ride back with me, and that likely Brenda kindly decreed
to her 2 classmates that if they valued their lives, they would
let her occupy the front seat beside me.
So, we
head east back thru that lovely Virginia autumn mountain scenery on
Sunday afternoon. After we 4 chat together for a while, the 2 girls in the back
seat soon fall silent and begin to doze and sleep. But neither Brenda nor I
slept a wink the whole way back. The two of us enjoy lovely conversations
together, tho we have nothing more in common than being boy and girl human
beings.
“Well…,
that’s all that’s necessary, Naïve Country Boy!”
‘Well…Thank
you for educating Slow Learner Me!’
Until
I graduated from high school and was released from hard farm labor, my life of
poverty (not so nice clothes or house, but nice outhouse,
Daddy’s old car, and such), was not conducive to dating. The hardships of a childhood
of toiling on the farm with almost no tender loving care, sort of built up
calluses and sores on my heart and soul.
Being
around the girls in the dining hall at Auburn (and taking one of them for a
ride at times, and dating some of them), and this pleasant ride of 3
hours or so thru God’s lovely Virginia nature on a sunny afternoon with
3 college freshmen co-eds in the nice-looking new Thunderbird, rubbed much
soothing and healing salve into those calluses and sores on my
young heart and soul. I gladly welcome and soak into me all that good
medicine to the fullest extent of my ability to do so.
Such
“betterment” did me worlds of good at the time! And now in my old age, I have
gained more spiritual ability to be ever so thankful to God for it, more
ability to give thanks to God than I had at the time it was happening. Thank
Thee, My Sweet Precious Lord Jesus, for blessing me so richly!
Brenda
was a cultured young lady from Richmond, Virginia. As we approach a “junction”
where we can head on to Fredericksburg or bear a little to the right and south
on to Richmond, Brenda starts repeatedly urging me, “Let’s go to Richmond.” I
thought for sure she was kidding. So, when we reach that “junction”, and
I head toward Fredericksburg, she lets out a strong sigh of disappointment.
Days
later, on our 2nd or 3rd date, as Brenda and I happily
reminisce about this time, I remark, ‘You were kidding about going to your
house in Richmond that evening, weren’t you?’
“No, I
wasn’t! I wanted to introduce you to my parents!” She was that
happy and proud about being with this farm boy, wanting to show me off to her
parents. I don’t know what Brenda thought the 2 sleepyheads in the back seat
would think of us 4 taking another 2 hours or more, for a detour to Richmond. Apparently,
Brenda didn’t care what they would think. That
weekend was a rich time for me. Fond memories! I drop the 3 young
ladies off at their campus dorm in Fredericksburg, and travel on to my Marine
sleeping quarters at Quantico with my soldier’s heart overflowing with
joy.
That week, I call the lady BSU director to ask her for Brenda’s
phone number in her dorm. Because this lady likes “Boy meets girl, Girl meets
boy” episodes, she happily gives me the number. I happily call
Brenda and ask her for a date Saturday night. She happily says, “Yes.” I
take her to the officers’ club near Quantico Marine Base headquarters for a
nice supper, and then to the base theater for a movie. We both enjoy the
evening immensely talking much on the ride from and back to
Fredericksburg. I’ve lived happily ever after. I hope and pray
that Brenda has also.
My training company (class) lodged at remote Camp Upshur for 4 or
5 weeks till the most senior class graduated. Then we moved into the main BOQ
at Camp Barrett. Likely that was on a Monday. Likely it was the following day
(Tuesday) that my buddy Fred’s company reported for duty, and they went to
lodge at Camp Upshur where we had been. So turns the training cycle.
Camp
Barrett’s BOQ was 2 or 3 stories high and was quite a complex of several wings
of rooms, the wings extending like spokes from a partial hub which contained
the chow hall, classrooms, a library, and likely a barber shop, drycleaners,
small BX (store), and such necessary facilities. In the cold winter, I never
had to walk out of this building and cross outside to a nearby building for any
of the above-mentioned necessities. Each company was assigned adjacent rooms in
1 wing of the BOQ. I think we were on the 2nd floor. Lt. Wright was
my roommate. Lt. Wooten (married) had a locker in our room. He would drive in
early from his apartment and change into his uniform and such in our room. At
the end of the day, he would shower in our “suite’s” bathroom, change clothes,
and go home to his wife.
Lt.
Ward is my only buddy from Auburn ROTC in my same company here.
Also, he’s in my same 5th platoon. He married a girl that ate in my
dining hall back at Auburn. So, I knew her well also. So, I socialize a little
with Ward and his bride here at TBS. We have little time for
socializing, and I do most of mine down in Fredericksburg, not here at
Quantico.
Two or
three classmates at Auburn who graduated at the end of May (Spring Quarter),
are now in the latter stage of their training here. I look up each of
them, and when I have a little free time at night, sometimes I drop by one of
their rooms to chat briefly. I sometimes drop by Fred’s room after his company
moves to Camp Barrett 4 or 5 weeks after my company did. But my days and nights
and weekends are full, causing me to seldom see these Auburn
buddies. No problem.
Each
week, five and a half days are full of intense training; PT, classroom
instruction, and various training out in the field. Before it got cold enough
to kill down summer plants, I contacted either Poison Oak or Ivy outdoors, and
broke out quite badly with it. I reported to sickbay with it, and got calamine
lotion to rub on it. But I didn’t miss any training over it, except for the
gas chamber. That was a pleasant miss.
We
were taught about poisonous gases that enemy soldiers might use against us, how
to use the Marine issue gas mask, and other safety precautions, and such.
Finally, each of us line up outside an 8-foot-high metal “container” filled
with irritating gas. One Marine at a time fits his gas mask snuggly onto his
face, opens the door on signal, and walks into the middle of the container
where an instructor (major) stands wearing his gas mask. Then the trainee removes
his mask from his face, and speaks aloud his name and rank (and possibly
more) to the major. When that trainee takes his 1st breath after
removing his mask, the inhaled gas causes him to cough terribly. Then it’s a
struggle to try to speak the remaining words required.
The
doctor exempted me from the gas chamber because of possible harm from the gas
to my skin broken out in poison. That was one time I was thankful
to have poison from a plant, thus avoiding inhaling chemical
poison into my lungs. Practicing suffering! I wonder if there’s possibly
any benefit in doing such??
The
Saturday night BSU hayride soon comes up. I ask Brenda to be my date. She
agrees. The BSU director asks me to bring some more guys with me to join the
ladies in their hayride. So, I spread the word among some of the few decent
single guys in my platoon, resulting in 2 other guys joining in the hayride and
refreshments.
Likely,
it was the following afternoon (after Sunday morning church service) that
Brenda was riding around with me in Civil War battlefields that are now lovely Virginia
State Parks. Tree leaves were at their peak autumn colors, soon to fall. Clear,
crisp fall air added to God’s beauty in nature, as we leisurely chatted, kidded
and laughed.
Tho
there was almost no traffic on those park roads, we met Lt. Willis who was in
my training platoon. With him was his date from the same college as Brenda.
Willis and I each stopped our cars so each pair of us could greet the other
pair, basking in the beauty of nature and in the nice company we each
had with us. Then we went on our separate ways over battlegrounds where
thousands of Union and Confederate boys bled and died a most violent death
about 104 years before.
Willis
and I both knew the highly likelihood of each of us soon dying a bloody,
violent death in the steaming jungles of Viet Nam. So, on this fine
day in a peaceful surrounding, we were making the most of enjoying fine
pleasures of life to the fullest, while
we were still alive to enjoy them.
Possibly
the next Saturday was BSU Workday for missions, a day that brought new
blessings and new friends into my life. After Marine noon chow on
that Saturday, down I-95 my T-Bird flies on autopilot to the
campus BSU to join their workday. All Baptist families in the area were asked
to have the girls come to their houses to do any needed chores in return for an
offering to missions. I think Brenda went home to Richmond this weekend. I
didn’t see her this day. (Or possibly, she considered herself too
high class to do such servant work.)
The
BSU lady director paired me with another girl (I forgot her name), and gave me
a card with the Tiptons’ name, address, and directions to their house. The girl
rode with me going 5 or 6 miles out of Fredericksburg to the Tiptons’ house at
the end of a short gravel road in a quiet area with woods in back, a
most lovely setting. Mrs. Tipton had us wash their house windows inside
and out. We 2 didn’t finish all the windows that afternoon. Mrs. Tipton asked
the girl if she and some of the BSU girls could come wash the remaining windows
the following Saturday. The girl kindly replied that was not feasible. I
spoke right up, saying that I would be glad to return the next Saturday
afternoon to finish up the windows myself. Mrs. Tipton agreed to that, wrote
out her donation check for the full amount, and gave it to the girl.
“Look
at how brightly his knight’s armor shines, as he shines
windows!”
When I
return to the Tiptons’ house the following Saturday, their youngest son, Mark
(about 10 years old), helps me wash windows. God graciously gives me this
family’s friendship. Likely I attend their Baptist church in Fredericksburg the
following day (Sunday). Likely, the next Saturday, I spent the night with the
Tiptons after a date with Brenda, and went to church with them on Sunday. Such
becomes my standard routine from Saturday afternoon thru Sunday evening,
after a hard-charging 5 and half days of Marine Corps officer training. The
change of scenery and faces (and the rest and relaxation) did me much
good! Daily, it was a full life that was most fulfilling,
in my element!
Throughout
this autumn at Quantico, I especially enjoy each day we train outdoors
in the nice autumn weather. (There are many classroom days.) Maps fascinate me,
so I particularly like our study of military maps. Several hours of
classroom map study over a few days, and then a test out in the field.
Field
test: each of us is given a list of 12 or so separate co-ordinates (points) in
a large area of fields, hills, and forests where we train. Using the map,
compass, measure ruler, and pencil issued to us, we are required to individually
go alone (walking), and find each location (point/fix)
represented by the co-ordinates. At each “point” is an empty metal ammo
box nailed to a wooden post about 5 feet high. A different number is painted on
each box. That number is the answer for test purposes. I’m to find
each box on my list, record the number on the box, and when I return at the end
of the day, I turn in that paper to be graded.
We are
strictly ordered to work alone the whole time, forbidden
to “aid and abet” each other. When we come across a buddy looking for
his next box, we’re not to give hints or answers to each other. Tho the
instructor had recently walked the entire area to check that all boxes were in
place, he said it was slightly possible that a vandal might have removed
1 or more boxes after that. They issue a C-Rations lunch to each of us. We have
our canteens of water. Thus equipped, we set out by mid-morning or so.
I’m a
loner by nature. I so enjoy working alone, especially hiking 7 miles or so
this day out in God’s lovely nature. On the map, I plot my co-ordinates one at
a time, draw a cross-line on the map where they intersect, measure the distance
to that “point”, and “fix” the direction I would sight on the
compass. Then watching my compass, I step off yard long steps trying to
accurately count how many yards to that “point”, (while detouring around
trees, wading streams, and such that can throw me off course). Upon counting
off the 784 yards (for example), I walk around in that immediate area,
looking for the ammo box nailed to a post. It was indescribable fun,
challenge, and adventure. And
I was getting paid well to do it! By God’s Grace, I was one of the very
few Marines in my company that day to find all his
assigned “points”. Wow!
As I
head for one point, a couple of buddies coming separately from searching for
the same point told me, “Forget it! That box is missing. I looked everywhere
for it. Don’t waste your time looking for it.” They were not
supposed to give such hints. Also, God-given instinct told me those dummies
just could not find this difficult point amidst the forest growth.
So, I keenly
watch my compass while carefully measuring and counting my steps. When I reach
the distance, no box is in sight. I walk around, searching. There it is,
difficult to spot because of trees and growth around it! I write down the
number for that box several guys missed, and I score 100 on that test.
After returning my paper, being dismissed, taking a nice shower and chowing
down heartily at big helpings for supper in the chow hall, as I get
ready to rack out, I’m elated over this day’s training (in my
element). Thank Thee, Lord Jesus, for good health to hike miles thru these
lovely Virginia hills today.
Late
autumn days wax colder. On a cold, rainy day we are out in the field all day,
firing the M-16 rifle live fire, and doing other similar training. We
all get soaking wet and muddy. We return after dark, and each of us fieldstrip,
clean and well oil the M-16 we had used, to prevent it from rusting. Being
soaking wet puts us into high, freaky spirits, getting us into an uproar as we
clean our weapons. We each hand over our M-16 to our platoon commander for him
to inspect its cleanliness.
Then
we rush to our BOQ rooms, take a nice hot shower, put on clean dry clothes, and
go downstairs to the warm chow hall that had been ordered to stay open late to
serve us supper. We’re in quite an uproar as we eat. Morale is high! It feels good to be daily training
with guys of kindred spirits, officers
in a somewhat elite corps, pulling hard together to help each other in
any way we can! We’re young, full of energy and vitality! What we are doing is most exciting to us. I revel
in it!
We get
Thursday and Friday off for Thanksgiving. Brenda goes home to Richmond. I spend
3 nights with the Tipton family, their holiday special meal being a delicious
treat like I had seldom seen. I meet more of their extended family members.
Christmas season approaches. One Saturday afternoon, I drive to the Tiptons’
house. Mark tells me his mother wants me to come pick her up at the department
store in Fredericksburg where she works part-time, mainly during the holiday
season. Mark rides there with me, and we go inside the store to find his
mother.
We 3
head home in the T-Bird front seat, Mark beside me, his mother by the door.
(Mark, about 10, was the youngest of 4 children.) After getting the car
rolling, I push the 8-track tape of Christmas songs into the player. From the 5
speakers surrounding us in the car, comes lively music and Tennessee Ernie’s
rich bass voice singing “Go tell it on the mountain, over the hills and
everywhere…That Jesus Christ is Lord.”
The
music and vocal are so uplifting that Mrs. Tipton and I immediately join in
singing. She claps her hands to the music and then tousles Mark’s bushy head of
hair as she sings, causing him to grin from ear to ear. Thru out all
my boyhood in my parents’ house, they never interacted in such a “fun
fashion” with me. It just wasn’t their nature to do so. I think that is
regrettable. It made my upbringing quite hollow. Now, driving my
nice car with this fun “performance” going on with friends is most
enjoyable. More healing salve on heart calluses!
At
TBS, we get one week off for Christmas, likely from the afternoon of
December 22 till the morning of December 29. Then we probably got New Years Day
off. Most of the single guys (and some married ones) in my company go home for
Christmas. I stay. Men from my company are assigned to stand duty
officer the week we have off (one lieutenant standing duty each day). I
volunteer for duty on Christmas Day, so that no guy in my company will have to
work on that important day.
“That
was kind and thoughtful of you, Lt. Yerby.”
‘Thank
you! I strive to be a kind Marine officer.’
I
report for that duty at 7 AM Christmas morning at Marine Base Headquarters, or
some such place apart from The Basic School. I sit at a desk in an office where
a captain is on duty along with a corporal “clerk”. We 3 do nothing most all
day. Our first major snow of the season starts falling early this
morning, right on Christmas Day. I’m required to eat in the enlisted men’s chow
hall to inspect their chow. Then in the night, I go out and inspect the duty
guard walking around patrolling. The snow is a little deep by now. I wish the
guard a Merry Christmas, and commend him for standing his post on a cold snowy Christmas
night. Then I’m allowed to turn in and sleep most of the night.
At 7
AM on December 26, I am relieved from those 24 hours of duty. I drive carefully
thru the snow to my BOQ room, sleep a while, eat lunch in the almost empty
officers’ chow hall, and then drive cautiously down snowy I-95 to the
Tiptons’ house. Upon entering the gravel lane to their house, my car bogs down
in the snow that was getting deeper. I had neither snow tires nor chains for
the tires. I walk on to the Tiptons’ house. When Mr. Tipton comes home from
work, he drives around my snow-bound car with his snow-tire equipped car, and then
drives the lane a couple of times to pack the snow. Then I’m able to drive my
car on to their house.
I stay
3 or 4 days at their house (not driving my car any) till we resume training at
Quantico. Tho Christmas Day had passed; it’s still Christmas season.
Extended family members of the Tiptons come to their house almost daily. I so
enjoy tasty homemade fresh oyster stew and other delicious dishes of tidewater
Virginia that I had never eaten before. It’s pleasant to talk to, and get
acquainted with various people I meet in the Tiptons’ house this Christmas
season. I usually sleep in an upstairs bedroom, and on arising each morning I
enjoy looking out on the surrounding snow-white woods and fields. Brenda had
gone home to Richmond for Christmas. I’m to see her again in early January.
Just as Mr. and Mrs. Mars in Birmingham, Alabama “adopted” me, so do the
Tiptons here in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Thank Thee, Lord
Jesus, for blessing me so richly.
Let me
back up to November when I got my 1st pay raise after starting
military active duty in late September. At that time, the U.S. usually
gave all government employees an annual “cost of living allowance” pay raise
(called COLA) in November. It varied yearly from 3% to 5% or so. I now welcome
my 1st pay raise in the Marines. Upon entering The Basic School, we
officers were required to buy 1 uniform after another at regular intervals of 3
weeks or so, till we bought all uniforms junior officers were required
to have: winter service, summer service, dress blues for winter, (dress whites
for summer, that I had previously bought at Pensacola while still at Auburn),
and a couple more uniforms I forgot the names of. We were required to buy a
Marine officers’ sword that we wore on very rare ceremonial occasions
with our dress uniforms.
Very
soon after entering TBS, I joined the base credit union at Quantico, and had to
borrow money a time or two to pay for the uniforms. Soon, I was surprised when
a MasterCard credit card came to me in the mail. I did not have to fill out an
application for it, nor did I ask for it. They considered new military
officers a good enough risk to freely mail credit cards to us. To date (2024),
I still use that credit card when necessary, and I have almost always
paid each bill in full upon receiving each bill, not living on credit.
We
Marines get New Years’ Day off from work when 1970 arrives. I rejoice
when Brenda soon returns to her dorm after New Years, and we resume dating. I turn
24 years old in January.
“Lieutenant
Yerby, isn’t that somewhat older than a college freshman co-ed;
like ‘robbing the cradle’???”
‘I had
no “Say So”, as to when God chose to create each of us. Such
matters are entirely in God’s Hands. And besides, I’m a few years
behind baby Brenda in social maturity.’
One
Saturday evening Mr. and Mrs. Tipton were going to some event, leaving their 3
boys at home to fix their own supper, and eat in their dining room.
Mrs.
Tipton told me to bring Brenda out to their house, build a fire in the
fireplace in the basement, and for Brenda and me to roast hotdogs over that
fire in the basement and prepare our supper there from things Mrs. Tipton would
prepare and leave for us to eat. Brenda and I did that, and enjoyed a most
pleasant evening in front of that warm fireplace in the cozy basement, a snow-white
world outside. Never before in my life, had I had an opportunity to
entertain a date in such a nice house. I am most thankful for the Tiptons’ much
kindness to me, and for many fond memories of
Fredericksburg, Virginia.
At TBS
Quantico, from the end of Christmas vacation till we graduate at
the end of February, my company spends many days training out in the
field, practicing combat maneuvers while taking turns leading a fire team,
squad, platoon, and even the whole company. I lead a fire team of 3 other men 1st,
and later, I lead our platoon of 46 other men in an “attack” accompanied by an
armored personnel carrier and 2 tanks. That required precise
co-ordination with those big hunks of steel grinding their way thru the snow as
we walk alongside them. This lieutenant commanded and led to the best of his
ability, and got a kick out of it. Most classroom instruction is completed by
now, and it is time to put the instruction into practice out in the
forests, hills and fields, “attacking the enemy”. So, I go thru that training in
the cold snow.
Looking
back on this time, I thank God for the perfect timing of my training
at The Basic School. The lovely, mild autumn weather (when I was on the
rifle and pistol firing ranges, next, following my map and compass to find my
“points” for the mapping test, and such), seemed to fit those situations
perfectly. Autumn made that training a joy. During my time here
at TBS, there is no hot and humid fatiguing weather like I
endured for 6 weeks last summer at OCS a few miles from here. At this young
age, I prefer the harsh cold to the extreme heat, that saps one’s
strength.
2k
Proper cold weather apparel that kept my body warm day and night in ice and
snow.
In
November they issued us cold weather gear, insulated rubber boots to wear over our leather boots,
insulated mittens to wear over our gloves, a warm “skull” cap for our head to wear under
our helmet, and a well-insulated sleeping bag for sleeping comfortably on snow
and ice.
Growing
up, often I didn’t have sufficient warm clothing (especially for my feet and
hands), when I did outdoor farm work in the winter. I recall pulling corn in
December when my hands and toes grew numb from the cold. My hands would chafe,
chap, and turn raw from that work in the cold. And if our family was out of
glycerin or lotion to rub onto our hands after such a cold day’s work, my raw
and red, cracked-skin hands would “burn” with pain at night as I tried to
sleep. In our poverty, at times we had little or nothing with which to “doctor”
such hurting hands.
Let me
now contrast that misery of boyhood poverty to one time of training in Quantico
mid-winter cold (that was much colder than Alabama). This day, we
practice war maneuvers all day out in the snow. Then we lie down to sleep in
the snow all night with no tent. Then we are to arise about 4 AM to carry out a
pre-dawn attack in the dark.
We
wore long underwear and the winter apparel I listed 2 paragraphs back. The
field pack on my back had my well-insulated sleeping bag strapped below it. We
were to sleep inside our sleeping bags that would keep us warm during this very
cold night. But to get into the sleeping bag I would have to take off my
insulated rubber boots, leather boots, mittens and gloves, and then put them
back on in the pitch-black dark cold about 4 AM. The boots would be most cold
at 4 AM.
So, I
opt to do differently. I un-strap my nylon poncho (normally used as a
raincoat) from my pack, unroll it onto the white, frozen ground, and lie down
on it. Perchance, my body temperature melts some snow and ice under me as I sleep,
the poncho will prevent that water from reaching my clothing. I lie face-up on
my back on that poncho, wearing both pair of boots and both the gloves and
outer mittens, and my warm skullcap. I put my rolled-up sleeping bag under my
head for a pillow, and gaze up at lovely twinkling stars in a clear,
cold sky till I soon go to sleep, and sleep quite well in the open cold on
snow and ice.
Arising
about 4 AM, my buddies have to do much more than I, in the dark; putting
on cold boots and gloves, rolling up sleeping bags etc. Using our flashlight or
any small light is forbidden, because we’re “at war” with the
enemy nearby.
We
attack the “enemy” in the predawn darkness, are debriefed by a colonel upon
completing the attack, ride back to the BOQ on the cattle cars as daylight breaks,
take hot showers, change into clean uniforms, and head to the warm chow hall
for hot meals (all you want to eat). It was a good, young life! It
was fun playing soldier! I enjoyed it to the hilt!
Adversity (like that cold night sleeping outdoors on the snow and ice),
can be endured much easier if we are properly equipped
for it, which often entails having enough money to buy the necessary
equipping. Oft-times during my boyhood, my family’s poverty prevented us from
being sufficiently equipped for adversities. Thus, we simply suffered. I suffered doing outdoor
farm work in the cold. Returning home, there was no running hot water for a
shower. I huddled near the wood burning stove or fireplace to try to keep warm.
It was a life filled with plenty of misery and suffering. (I will end
this 2nd stage of betterment in life, with this 2k,
thankful to the utmost for these No. 1 and No. 2 most welcome
improvements in life upon entering adulthood!)
Lord God, I thank Thee
for helping me to be content with food, raiment, and with the least
of necessities that make me somewhat comfortable in the heat, in the cold, and
in such adversities. Thank Thee; Lord, for leading me to give (much of the
resources and monies with which Thou doest bless me), to poor people thru out
the world to help alleviate their sufferings from their poverty. Help us all
to be compassionate.
Likely
it was late January or early February (nearing graduation), when our company
had its Mess Night, a formal banquet to sort of celebrate our accomplishments.
We wore our dress blue uniforms. No wives or dates were allowed, just Marine men.
I look
at the several tiny glasses of wine at my place setting at the banquet table,
and each time a toast is made to the President of the U.S, the Secretary of
Defense, the highest Navy admiral, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Quantico
Base Commander, The Basic School Commander, our Company Commander, (and
possibly 1 or 2 more “big shots”), I hold up each designated glass in the
fashion of toasting, and never once put a glass to my lips, thank God.
“You
were rude!”
‘That
was the mindset of some officers around me, but certainly not
the Mind of my Creator and soon-coming Judge.’
Then
we have an extravagant banquet meal, after which we stand around talking to our
instructors, and the few “big shots” (high ranking Marine and Navy officers)
that are present. A few Marines officers in my company keep chugalugging wine
till they are sot drunk, a pitiful sight to see.
The
next morning, my entire company loads onto buses that take us to Little Creek
Naval Amphibious Base right on the ocean between Norfolk and Virginia Beach,
Virginia. They well plan the drunken Mess Night so that we pass
much of the next day sitting on buses, allowing the drunks some time to recover
from their hangovers that hamper all useful
activity by them.
That
afternoon, we board 1 or more Navy ships that sail out a ways and back during
the night. The next morning, we climb down the nets on the ship’s side into
amphibious vehicles that take us to shore, where we disembark and attack the
“enemy” (practicing an amphibious landing on a “hostile” beach). Likely that very
afternoon (likely a Saturday), we ride the buses back to our BOQ at
Quantico.
Soon
afterward, this redneck country boy Marine lieutenant got a most
special honor that scant few Marines ever
get. I was one of the very few (4 or so) chosen out of our
company to attend the Staff War College’s Mess Night. I think I
have the name right: “Staff War College at Quantico Marine Base”.
It was
a high-level school (college, training) for Marine field grade
officers, majors and above, (majors, lieutenant colonels, and
possibly colonels). Officers who had made field grade and were most serious
about being a career officer requested to train at this Staff War College (or
they were appointed and ordered to do so). The majority were majors and lieutenant
colonels. These men were slated to become top ranking Marine officers to make
war for our nation. They were elite Marines officers,
right now in high-level strategic training, much of it being Top
Secret classroom instruction.
Likely
they chose a few of us 2nd lieutenants from The Basic School to
attend their mess night as “guests”, to inspire us to stay in the Marines for a
career. I think my platoon leader chose me as an attendee because he
knew I didn’t drink, and therefore I wouldn’t get skunk drunk and make a
complete idiot out of myself in front of all those high-ranking officers, including
the Commandant of the Marine Corps, 4 star General Leonard F. Chapman, Jr.,
the highest-ranking Marine. It was
customary for the Commandant to attend The Staff War College mess night, and to
give the main speech.
This was the most elite
banquet I have ever attended. I dined amongst those majors
and lieutenant colonels that were attending the War College. I sat amongst, and
stood and chatted with their instructors who were colonels and
likely a general or two. And I shook his hand, and stood and chatted with the
Commandant of The U. S. Marine Corps. A photographer took my picture with my
Commandant, just the 2 of us.
“Lieutenant
Yerby, can I p l e a s e have your autograph!”
‘Sure,
just get at the end of the long line and patiently wait! No pushing or shoving,
Boy, or you won’t get an autograph!
Seriously,
we few 2nd lieutenants who were invited as guests, had to be on our
best behavior. I was. And I was thankful for the privilege of attending
this high-ranking U.S. Marine Corps Staff Officers’ War College Mess Night at
Quantico Marine Base, meeting and chatting with the Commandant. Only a small
percentage of Marines ever see their Commandant in person from
a distance. Likely only a tiny fraction of a
percent, ever get to shake hands with him and talk together personally.
This farm boy was one of that tiny fraction. I thank God for giving me
this special occasion while I was a Marine.
From
the time I arrived at The Basic School last September, I gave this tough
training the utmost of my
physical and mental abilities in order to place as highly as
possible in my class. An upbringing of hard manual farm labor naturally
trained me to work to the extent of my ability. Another highly
motivating factor at this critical period of Marine training is that I
want to be selected for pilot training instead of being sent to Nam to
lead a Marine infantry platoon in the enemy-infested jungles.
Toward
the end of TBS, we will be allowed to request the MOS (military
occupational skill) we desire to pursue during our active-duty time in the
Marines. I intend to request “Pilot”. And I well know that the higher
I stand in my class, the better chance I’ll have of being granted my first
request. Thus, I study hard to make high grades on all the written tests on
classroom instruction. I exert all my physical energy on the 2 or more PT
(physical training) tests we are graded on. And I give my utmost on the rifle
and pistol range, map and compass test, and all the training and
leadership we do out in the field.
Previously,
I wrote of being somewhat devastated when Major Cleveland at Auburn
ignored my request to be sent directly from Auburn to pilot training at Navy
Pensacola, but he instead got orders for me to come to Quantico for TBS. I was
plenty sure this route was heading me straight into the Marine infantry (foot
soldier).
So,
upon starting TBS training, I keep my eyes and ears keenly alert to all
that is said and done about our choice of a MOS. I am immensely
relieved when a major lectures us on choosing our MOS, saying that all
who request pilot training (and who pass the physical medical exam for pilots),
will be allowed to go on to pilot training.
And
it’s at this time that I first learn what I told you in
Chapter 16. Because the Marines need many pilots in the Viet Nam war, Pensacola
Naval Air Station cannot train them all. So, the Marine Corps got quotas with
the Air Force to train jet pilots, and quotas with the Army
to train helicopter pilots. Here at The Basic School, I’m permitted
to request Air Force pilot training strictly for
jet pilots. Had I gone to Pensacola from Auburn, I would not have
been permitted to request jet pilot training at the start.
Here
at Quantico, in every area I push myself to the limit of my
ability, resulting in me ranking quite high in my whole
company. I report to the base hospital for a physical exam by a Navy doctor. I
pass it. By God’s Grace, my request for Air Force jet pilot training is granted.
My roommate in the BOQ (Lt. Wright) also requests jet pilot training. He ranked
somewhat lower in our class than I. He was sent to Army chopper flight training
instead. Soon I receive orders to report to Vance Air Force Base, Enid,
Oklahoma to start pilot training a month after graduating from The Basic
School at Quantico. Thank Thee, Lord Jesus, for Thy Abundant Grace bestowed upon me.
About
this time, the U.S. Army sends my brother, Joe, to Viet Nam to be in that
ground war for one year.
As
time grows nigh for me to graduate from TBS and leave Quantico, one night I
drop by Fred’s room in the BOQ, chat with him a while, and bid him Farewell.
(He will graduate from TBS about a month after me, he being the very last
of my Auburn class to finish TBS.) Fred is gung-ho, and wants to be an
infantry platoon leader in Viet Nam. I think of the likelihood of Fred
being killed in Nam, and me never seeing him again in this life. (I
thank God that wasn’t the case.) Anyway, I bid this Marine good buddy a warm
Farewell before leaving Quantico. (I will see him again, years later.)
TBS Graduation
Day is a weekday right at the end of February. The previous evening, I had
packed and loaded my few belongings into the trunk and back seat of my
Thunderbird, leaving the front seat empty for my 2 passengers. Brenda skips
college classes today to attend my graduation. Early in the morning, I drive to
the Tipton house in my dress blue uniform, pick up Mrs. Tipton, then stop by
Brenda’s dorm, pick her up, and drive back to Quantico with those 2 friends.
I
think our graduation was held in the base theater with The Basic School
Commander (that colorful colonel) shaking each of our hands, and handing each graduate
a scroll as each of us walk across the stage, when our names are called.
Our Honor
Graduate (the officer who placed 1st in our class) was a captain
with a high IQ. This day, he was handed the “honor scroll” and an
officers’ sword (I think), as a reward. Also, this great achievement goes onto
his record. As best I recall of his history, upon graduating from the U.S.
Naval Academy with honors, he got permission to go on to law school
before attending TBS. Thus, he had been promoted to 1st lieutenant
and then to captain (while in law school), before entering our
TBS class. So, I will call him Captain “Law” ⑧.
He was
not in my platoon, so I wasn’t close around him much. I perceived him to be
conceited and aloof, wrapped up in his own greatness. Three years or more
later, I heard from a classmate that he was practicing low-level flight in an A-4
Sky Hawk, too low, and hit the trees. Later I heard from a
different classmate that he was flying the Harrier and crashed, likely
transitioning from horizontal to vertical flight to land. Either way, he was killed
when he crashed. Short-lived honor.
Our
Graduation Ceremony was late in the morning. Wives of all the married men
attended. Several single guys had their sweethearts here, as I did. We had all
moved completely out of the BOQ this morning, before the
ceremony. We each had our written orders with our luggage in our
vehicles. Thus, upon the ceremony’s completion, we were totally dismissed
from TBS at Quantico. So, I bade hurried Farewells to buddies in my platoon.
(Since that day, I have only seen about 7 or so of those men, out of the whole
company.)
Back
in Chapter 15, as I told you of Officers’ Candidate School in a different area
at Quantico in the summer of 1968, I mentioned “kindred spirits” briefly
in 1 sentence. Those “kindred spirits” were more concrete here in The
Basic School, now that we are “real” officers. There is much
satisfaction in bonding with fellow Marine officers during our intense training
together. Thus, manly comrade emotions stir to some degree as we
now part. I now have all my belongings in my car (along with orders to Air Force
pilot training). It’s time to move on to new adventures playing soldier high
in the sky. This day is a proud highlight in my life!
I take
Mrs. Tipton and Brenda to the officers’ club for lunch, and some leisure time
in that area. Then I drive us 3 back to the Tiptons’ house. There I change out
of my stiff collar dress blues into comfortable civilian attire I have in my
car. Brenda and I have supper with the Tipton family, and then we 2 go down
into the basement to sit together in front of the glowing fireplace, chatting a
while in an act of Farewell, before I drive her back to her dorm. I haven’t
seen Brenda since. I pray that our Lord’s Most Abundant Blessings have been
upon her and all her family. Parting from Brenda at her dorm’s entrance, I
drive back to the Tiptons’ to spend the night there.
“Good
night, Marine Officers’ Basic School Graduate!”
‘Thank
you!’
2nd
Major Change in life, from May 1969 thru January 1970
2a A
new, safe, large, nice-looking car reliable for long trips. (Ch. 19)
2b
Finished with the dirty roofing job. (Chapter 19)
2c
No Job Search upon graduating from university. (Ch. 19)
2d
Now a Marine officer and a gentleman. (Ch. 19)
2e I
gain a regular paycheck with 30 days paid vacation per year. (Ch. 19)
2f
All necessary medical and dental treatment totally free. (Ch. 19)
2g I
start my desired “career”. (Ch. 19)
2h
No daily commute. (Chapter 20)
2i A
squared away, tidy environment and uniform. (Ch. 20)
2j
Proper equipment in good repair. (Ch. 20)
2k
Cold weather apparel that kept me warm, day and night in ice and snow. (Ch. 20)
Precious Lord Jesus, I am most grateful to Thee
for these wonderful accomplishments and betterments in life that
You sent my way in 1969 and 1970. Save me from living a selfish life. Cause me
to do all I can (with all the means Thou doest give unto me), to
relieve the suffering of precious human souls anywhere on this earth.
Amen!
The
End of Chapter 20